What Were The Causes Of The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

What Were The Causes Of The Great Depression Essay ggA. EconomicImperialism at home and abroad In one generation Africa direct possession (1902: only Liberia, founded by former American slaves remains independent) Asia and Near East: economic and diplomatic pressure Economic concessions and extra-territorial privileges: Ottoman Empire most vulnerable; China most vulnerable; Japan modernizing rapidly; India firmly in British hands; Importance to Europe: keeps fat on European economy; colonial rule a reproach to democracy; encouraged feelings of national and racial superiority; Pan movements a form of imperialism Technology and science: materialism B. SocialHuman welfare: serfdom gone (except in Russia); surgery and anesthetics perfected; life span longer; Victorian middle class morality in decline; spread of literacy. Peace movements: pipe dream of peace. Aristocratic remainders. We will write a custom essay on What Were The Causes Of The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Neglect of the proletariat. C. Intellectual1. European cultural heritage2. Ideologies of progress:conservatism delaying action not progress (aristocracy) liberalism freedom, law, representative government (upper middle class) radicalism remove class distinctions, anti-clerical (lower middle class) socialism collectivist doctrine (city workers) new left syndicalism D. Political1. the nation-state: language and race2. parliamentary government3. parties:tied to class and ideology lack of responsibility too many of them 4. Differing formsseparation of powers only in the USA king or president a figurehead in Britain and France search for majorities in parliament Britain: the cabinet held the whip France and Italy: parliament held the whip 5. Extension of the suffrage6. Exceptions to democratizationGermany: only has external form of it, the Reichstag is a debating chamber Austria-Hungary: maintaining monarchy in polyglot confusion Russia: a struggle between Duma and Ministry E. Military1. popular militarismBoer War naval building race: Admiral Tirpitz risk theory Three-year army law: France 1913 Tripoli campaign in Italy, 1911 2. Comparative figures on army increase, 1870-1914:1870 1914Russia 700,000 1,300,000France 380,000 846,000Germany 403,000 812,000Austria-Hungary 247,000 424,000Britain 302,000 381,000Italy 334,000 305,000Japan 70,000 250,000U.S. A. 37,000 98,0003. military expenditureGermany and Russia had the largest budgets in 1914 Britain and Germany spent most per capita: Germany $8.52 Britain $8. 53 U.S.A. $0. 32 F. Diplomatic1. Alliance System1870 1890: Bismarck in control 1890 1907: balance against Germany 2. Testing the systemRusso-Japanese War, 1904-5 First Morocco Crisis, 1905-6 Bosnian Annexation Crisis, 1908 Second Morocco Crisis, 1911 Haldane Mission, 1912 3. Tensions in the BalkansHapsburg Empire in turmoil South Slav Problem First Balkan War, 1912-13 Second Balkan War, 1913

Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Essays (800 words) - Psychology

Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Essays (800 words) - Psychology Experience Psychology, 3rd edition Chapter 7, Thinking, Intelligence and Language Vocabulary, Key Terms Algorithms: Strategiesincluding formulas, instructions, and the testing of all possible solutionsthat guarantee a solution to a problem. Artificial intelligence (AI): A scientific field that focuses on creating machines capable of performing activities that require intelligence when they are done by people. Availability heuristic: A prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imaging similar events. Base rate neglect: The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. Cognition: The way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing. Concept: A mental category that is used to group objects, events, and characteristics. Confirmation bias: The tendency to search for and use information that supports one's ideas rather than refutes them. Convergent thinking: Thinking that produces the single best solution to a problem. Creativity: The ability to think about something in novel and unusual ways and to devise unconventional solutions to problems. Culture-fair tests: Intelligence tests that are intended to be culturally unbiased. Decision making: The mental activity of evaluating alternatives and choosing among them. Deductive reasoning: Reasoning from a general case that is known to be true to a specific instance. Divergent thinking: Thinking that produces many solutions to the same problem. Fixation: Using a prior strategy and failing to look at a problem from a fresh perspective. Functional fixedness: Failing to solve a problem as a result of fixation on a thing's usual functions. Gifted: Possessing high intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent in a particular area. Heritability: The proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the group members. Heuristics: Shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee an answer. Hindsight bias: The tendency to report falsely after the fact, that one has accurately predicted an outcome. Inductive reasoning: Reasoning from specific observations to make generalizations. Intellectual disability: A condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ, usually below 70 on a traditional intelligence test, and has difficulty adapting to everyday life. Intelligence: All-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tests, to solve problems, and to learn from experience. Intelligence quotient (IQ): An individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100. Loss aversion: The tendency to strongly prefer to avoid losses compared to attempting to acquire gains. Mental age (MA): An individual's level of mental development relative to that of others. Mindfulness: The state of being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities. Normal distribution: A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve, with a majority of test scores (or other data) falling in the middle of the possible range and few scores (or other data points) appear toward the extremes. Open-mindedness: The state of being receptive to other ways of looking at things. Problem solving: The mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the goal is not readily available. Prototype model: A model emphasizing that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept, they compare the item with the most typical item(s) in that category and look for a "family resemblance" with that item's properties. Reasoning: The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions. Reliability: The extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. Representativeness heuristic: The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. Standardization: The development of uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, and the creation of norms (performance standards) for the test. Subgoal: Intermediate goals or problems to solve that put one in a better position for reaching a final goal or solution. Thinking: The process of manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decision, and reflecting critically or creatively. Triarchic theory of intelligence: Sternberg's theory that intelligence comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and practical. Validity: The soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment. In the realm of